Where Is This Unesco World Heritage Site City?
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
 Citadel of Besançon, Doubs | |
| Location | France |
| Includes | 12 locations in Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault |
| Criteria | Ethnic: (i), (ii), (quaternion) |
| Reference | 1283 |
| Inscription | 2008 (32nd Session) |
| Area | 1,153.16 ha (2,849.5 acres) |
| Buffer zona | 4,341 ha (10,730 acres) |
| Coordinates | 47°14′10″N 6°1′37″E / 47.23611°N 6.02694°E / 47.23611; 6.02694 Coordinates: 47°14′10″N 6°1′37″E / 47.23611°N 6.02694°E / 47.23611; 6.02694 |
The Fortifications of Vauban is a UNESCO World Inheritance Web site ready-made up of 12 groups of fortified buildings and sites along the borders of France. They were designed by illustrious military architect Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707) during the reign of King Louis XIV. These website include a variety show of fortifications, ranging from citadels, to mountain batteries and oceangoing fortifications, to bastion walls and towers. Additionally, the site includes cities collective from shekels by Vauban and communication towers.[1] These sites were chosen because they illustrate Vauban's work, bearing watcher to the influence of his designs along branch of knowledge and civilian applied science on a global shell from the 17th 100 to the 20th century.[1]
The network of major sites of Vauban is an association of cities created connected March 30, 2005 at the go-ahead of the City of Besançon. It includes the twelve sites which best represent the fortification system erected aside Vauban. The application file was selected on January 5, 2007 by the Ministry of Culture to stand for Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault.[2] Along July 7, 2008, twelve of the network's fourteen sites were added to the lean at the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization annual confluence in Quebec City.[3]
History of UNESCO Nomination [edit out]
In 2003, the city of Besançon investigated the possibility of a UNESCO Reality Inheritance nomination. After attractive the advice of specialists, they decided to climb an applications programme in the contour of a network representing the whole genius of the designer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, to best meet the criteria issued aside UNESCO. An first selection of eight sites was formed in 2005, followed by a final leaning of fourteen sites, out of the 150 fortifications left by Vauban. The selections were lastly validated by a scientific council on Marching 31, 2006. (In challenger with the potential UNESCO World Heritage nomination, consisting of the works of LE Corbusier, each country could submit only when one file each yr).
The Vauban network was finally selected on January 5, 2007 by the Ministry of Culture, as the celebrations for the tercentenary of the architect's death began.
On July 7, 2008, cardinal of the fourteen network sites are admitted to the final World Heritage List. The sites of Bazoches Castle in the Nièvre and the fort transformed into a citadel of the Palace at Belle-Île-en-Mer in Morbihan were excluded from the enrolment.[3] The citadel of Belle-Île-en-Mer has been disapproved by UNESCO for its "lack of authenticity", especially due to a hotel project inside it. Although this raised questions, the fact that these two sites were secret properties would not have played a parting in this decision.
The dozen sites [edit]
There are dozen sites in total, circumscribing most of present-daylight France.
Vauban Citadel, Arras [delete]
The Vauban Citadel, located in Tapestry, Pas-de-Calais, was built aside Vauban from 1667 to 1672. The Citadel has been nicknamed La belle inutile (the splendid useless one) aside residents as it has ne'er been directly involved in heavy fighting, and at last failed to prevent the Germans from occupying the urban center in either World War. Within the citadel unofficially of Lanthanum Lay de Manœuvre a undersize Baroque-style chapel was assembled. Outside, Le Mur des Fusillés (the wall of the citizenry executed by a firing squad) pays protection to the 218 members of the French Resistance changeable in the citadel's chuck during International War 2.[4]
Bastion of Besançon [edit]
The Bastion of Besançon, in Besançon, Doubs, is considered one of Vauban's finest works of subject area computer architecture. The Citadel occupies 11 hectares (27 acres) on Mount Saint-Etienne, one of the seven hills that protect Besançon, the capital of Franche-Comté. Mount Paragon-Etienne occupies the neck of an oxbow formed aside the river Doubs, giving the web site a important importance that Julius Caesar recognised as early as 58 BC. The Citadel, built between 1668 and 1683, overlooks the old quarter of City of London and the oxbow bend. The Citadel is built on top of a large syncline on a angulate field intercrossed across its width by three successive bastions (enclosures, or fronts) behind which extend three plazas.[4] The whole town is enclosed by walls covered aside barrel-shaped paths and punctuated by watchtowers and watch posts. The walls are equal to 15 to 20 metres (49 to 66 ft) soprano with a thickness between 5 and 6 metres (16 and 20 ft). Also included therein place is Fort Griffon, built between 1680 and 1684.[4]
Sites at Blaye-Cussac-Fort-Médoc [blue-pencil]
The citadel of Blaye, city walls, Fortress Paté and Fort Médoc are located in Blaye-Cussac-Fort-Médoc, Gironde. The citadel at Blaye was built between 1686 and 1689, and the neighboring Fort Paté and Fort Médoc were built from 1689-1700. The juxtaposition of these three sites across the Gironde estuary helped to protect Bordeaux just in case of a possible sea invasion.[4]
Briançon, Hautes-Alpes [edit]
This place, located in Briançon, Hautes-Alpes, contains a town palisade, four forts (including Fort des Trois-Têtes and the Fort du Randouillet), Redoute stilboestrol Salettes the ouvrage de la communication Y, and the Asfeld Bridge.[4] The mediaeval town wall was reconstructed by Vauban 'tween 1692 and 1700, the forts were built according to his specifications between 1709 and 1732, the communications tower between 1724 and 1734, and Asfeld Bridge deck between 1729 and 1731.[4]
Go Vauban [redact]
The Tour Vauban, also known as the Tour dorée (meaning "Chromatic Tower") is in Camaret-sur-Mer, Finistère. It is an 18m-tenor polygonal defensive pillar built from 1693 to 1695 victimisation a plan away Vauban on the Sillon at Camaret-sur-Mer, as take off of the fortifications of the goulet de Brest. It has three levels and is flanked aside walls, a guardhouse and a gun electric battery which prat hold 11 cannons besides as a cannonball metalworks added in the Daniel Chester French Revolution period.[4]
Ville neuve, Longwy [edit]
The ville neuve (signification new city) is located in Longwy, Meurthe-et-Moselle. The full new town was designed and built by Vauban starting in 1679. It has a hexagonal human body with a regular layout surrounding a square parade ground and flanked by bastions. Although the town was generally destryoed attributable repeated seiges, many an elements of the military architecture hush up stay on.[4]
Place forte, Mont-Dauphin [edit]
The sight of the place fortissimo is located in Mont-Dauphin, Hautes-Alpes. Built in 1692 by Vauban along the pass of a plateau, it follows an orthogonal plan and contains various military buildings dating from the 16th through 18th centuries.[4]
Citadel and city walls, Mount-Louis [edit]
The citadel and city walls of Mont-Joseph Louis Barrow are located in Mont-Louis, Pyrénées-Orientales. They were made-up in 1679 in order to facilitate trans-border crossings with Spain, and comprise a square citadel and fortified twons wall with 25 sentry posts.[4]
Ville neuve, Neuf-Brisach [edit]
The ville neuve in Neuf-Brisach, Haut-Rhin is located close to the German border with France. Built from scratch between 1698 and 1703, it is one of Vauban's last works, intended to guard the border with Germany (then the Consecrated Roman Empire). IT is the only example of Vauban's "third fortified system", with a forked town wall.[4]
Bastion and city walls, Saint-Martin-de-Ré [edit]
A Citadel and metropolis walls designed by Vauban between 1681 and 1685 are located in Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Charente-Maritime. The bastion, ringed by six bastions and a dry moat, was built in only 40 days.[4]
Watchtowers, Canonise-Vaast-la-Hougue [edit]
Two watchtowers premeditated by Vauban and his bookman are located in the commune of Ideal-Vaast-la-Hougue, Manche. They face each other crosswise the Saint-Vaast Bay, with the taller, two-story watchtower located on the island of Tatihou. Built in 1694, the watchtowers have a truncated-conical shape, and are encircled by bastion fort holding chapels, barracks, and powderize magazines.[4]
Sites at Villefranche-Diamond State-Conflent [edit]
Fort Libéria, Cova Bastera, and the metropolis walls of Villefranche-de-Conflent, Pyrénées-Orientales are also part with of the world heritage place. Vauban's alterations to the town wall began in 1669, Garrison Libéria was improved in 1679, and the Cova Bastera was installed after Vauban's death, in 1707.[4]
Two sites initially advised were removed from the final list: A château in Bazoches, Nièvre, and the citadel and walls surrounding Le Palais in Belle-Île-en-Mer, Morbihan.
Gallery [cut]
Realise also [redact]
- Vauban fortifications
- Sébastien Le Prestre DE Vauban
References [edit]
- ^ a b "Fortifications of Vauban". United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Centre. UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Brass. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ Article du daybook Le Monde du 6 janvier 2007 [archive].
- ^ a b Douze fortifications Delaware Vauban au patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco [file away] dans Le Monde du 7 juillet 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The body of work of Vauban (France): C 1283 (Report). ICOMOS. 24 January 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
External links [edit]
- http://www.sites-vauban.org/ (in French)
Where Is This Unesco World Heritage Site City?
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortifications_of_Vauban_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites
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